Mass Spectrometry

Introduction to Mass Spectrometry

What is Mass Spectrometry ?

Mass spectrometry (MS) is an advanced analytical technique used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions. This technique allows scientists to identify and quantify the molecular composition of a sample with high precision and accuracy. Mass spectrometry is a fundamental tool in various fields, including chemistry, biochemistry, pharmacology, and environmental science, providing detailed insights into the molecular structure, composition, and function of different substances.

How Does Mass Spectrometry Work ?

Mass spectrometry works by ionizing chemical compounds to generate charged particles (ions) and then measuring their mass-to-charge ratio using a mass analyzer. The process involves three key steps:

1. Ionization: The sample is introduced into the mass spectrometer and ionized, usually by applying a high-energy source, such as an electron beam or a laser. This process converts the neutral molecules in the sample into charged ions.

2. Mass Analysis: The generated ions are then separated based on their mass-to-charge ratio as they pass through a mass analyzer. Different types of mass analyzers, such as quadrupoles, time-of-flight (TOF), or orbitraps, can be used, each offering specific advantages in terms of resolution and accuracy.

3. Detection: The separated ions are detected, typically by a detector that measures the abundance of each ion, creating a mass spectrum. This spectrum displays the relative abundance of ions as a function of their mass-to-charge ratio, providing a molecular fingerprint of the sample.

By analyzing the mass spectrum, scientists can determine the molecular weight of the components, identify unknown compounds, quantify known substances, and study the structure of complex molecules.